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Right-wing populism
Right-wing populism is a political ideology that rejects existing political consensus and often combines ''laissez-faire'' liberalism and anti-elitism. It is considered populism because of its appeal to the "common man" as opposed to the elites.〔Betz and Immerfall, p. 4-5〕 In Europe, however, right-wing populist parties are generally known for their opposition to immigration, mostly from the Islamic world, and the European Union, as well as their increasing support for the welfare state and a "more lavish, but also more restrictive, domestic social spending" scheme (sometimes called "welfare chauvinism").
From the 1990s right-wing populist parties became established in the legislatures of various democracies including Canada, Norway, France, Israel, Poland, Russia, Romania and Chile, and entered coalition governments in Switzerland, Austria, the Netherlands, New Zealand, and Italy.〔Norris (2004), p. 2〕 Although extreme right-wing movements in the US have been studied separately, where they are normally called "radical right", some writers consider them to be the same phenomenon.〔Kaplan & Weinberg, pp. 1-2〕 Right-wing populism is distinct from the historic right, which had been concerned with preserving the "status quo", and mostly do not have roots in their political parties.〔Kaplan & Weinberg, pp. 10-13〕
==Definition==
Classification of right-wing populism into a single political family has proved difficult, and it is not certain whether a meaningful category exists, or merely a cluster of categories, since the parties differ in ideology, organization, and leadership rhetoric. Also, unlike traditional parties, they do not belong to international organizations of like-minded parties, and they do not use similar terms to describe themselves.〔Norris (2005), pp. 43-44〕 One commonality though is that they are more right-wing than other political parties on the left-right axis.〔Ware, pp. 41-42〕
Scholars use terminology inconsistently, sometimes referring to right-wing populism as "radical right" or other terms.〔Kaplan & Weinberg, pp. 10-11〕 Pippa Norris noted that "standard reference works use alternate typologies and diverse labels categorising parties as 'far' or 'extreme' right, 'new right', 'anti-immigrant', 'neo-Nazi' or 'neofascist', 'antiestablishment', 'national populist', 'protest', 'ethnic', 'authoritarian', 'antigovernment', 'antiparty', 'ultranationalist', or 'neoliberal', 'libertarian' and so on".〔Norris (2005), p. 44〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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